The Europe Center is jointly housed in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and the Stanford Global Studies Division.
Encina Basement Conference Room
Ground Floor Conference Room (E008) Encina Hall, East Wing, Ground Floor
Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe presents research Professor Norman Naimark conducted while working at the Forum on Contemporary Europe (FCE) on cases of ethnic cleansing, genocide, and forced migrations in five cases including Armenians in Turkey, Chechens-Ingush and Crimean Tatars in the USSR, Bosnian Muslims and Albanian Kosovars in the Yugoslav lands, as well as Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe, and Germans in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Such historical comparison dislodges common assumptions to reveal patterns of our modern world.
Without losing sight of relative magnitude or original aggressor, Naimark clarified that crimes occurred in all the above cases, and sets details of atrocities ordered by authoritarian regimes alongside evidence of ethnic cleansing enabled by Europe's democratic powers. In the example of the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s, Naimark demonstrates that the Serbian ethnic-cleansing campaign, with concentration camps and raping of Bosnian Muslim women, had their precedents in ethnic-cleansing campaigns during World War II. Media images of the Serbian camps shocked EU and U.S. audiences, and rightly so; but publics and political leaders on both sides of the Atlantic may read in Naimark's work the importance of a fuller historical record.
Naimark's comparison presents evidence for his argument that these instances of ethnic cleansing are "interconnected and embedded in the European 20th century." The notion of interconnected atrocity, with points of comparison across nationalities, ideologies, and territories, leads to provocative insight. Throughout 20th century Europe, victims and perpetrators could become perpetrators and victims. Naimark clearly distinguishes between original aggressors and victims, and does not blur the scale of Nazi atrocity with other modern war crimes. But his research demonstrates that the division of Europeans into fixed categories of victims and perpetrators, and the politics of peace-keeping based on these identities, must be tested against Naimark's seasoned and influential scholarship.
As a work of illuminating history, Fires of Hatred has a history of its own. Naimark has injected penetrating scholarship into Europe's politicized debates over history and memory of World War II. Since its publication in English, some of Europe's political commentators have sought to defend their versions of postwar history with which they identify, against the complex details of Naimark's work. Naimark himself has granted numerous interviews with European journalists seeking his help to set their record straight. Demand in Europe for Naimark's work is finally being met. Five years since it first appeared in English, Fires of Hatred has been translated into Italian, Czech, Russian, Croatian, and German. Further translations are undoubtedly in the works.
FCE is dedicated to consequential thinking about Europe in the new millennium, and Professor Naimark exemplifies the beneficial impact of our programs for public dissemination of Stanford research.
Encina Hall, East Wing, Ground Floor Conference Room E008
A dozen years have passed since the end of the Cold War, but the legacy remains in both Western and Eastern Europe. This workshop aims to bring together scholars and experts from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds to discuss the ways in which the detrimental effects on social, political and economic structures of the legacy can be alleviated.
The workshop will develop two aspects of this issue: the external security structure represented by NATO and the emerging EU security policy; and the internal security structure including threats to civil society and problems of political and economic transition. Four papers would be delivered in each of two sessions. Participation would be balanced between US and European contributors.
Session One: The Legacy of the Cold War on Europe's External Security Structure
Paper 1:
NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and Common Foreign- and Security Policy of the European Union: Cooperation or Competition?
Paper 2:
The Transatlantic Imbalance: Why does the US still carry the burden of Europe's defense?
Paper 3:
NATO Expansion and the Russian Reaction
Paper 4:
The EU's CFSP and the Role of the Rapid Reaction Force
Session Two: The Legacy of the Cold War on Europe's Internal Security and Stability
Paper 5:
Nuclear Safety and the Problem of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material
Paper 6:
Immigration and Asylum Issues in the Light of EU Enlargement
Paper 7:
Economic Stability and the Incorporation of the Transition Economies
Paper 8:
The Political Legacy of the Cold War and the Development of Democratic Institutions in Central and Eastern Europe
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room
Ever since international economic relations have been established law has been developed to shape them in a satisfactory manner. Conversely, changes in the law have sometimes preceded, and thus fostered, international economic intercourse. The spectacular growth of the international economy over the past decades has called for a more intensive role for the law. This has led to panoply of new legal instruments as well as a resuscitation of the traditional forms. Although there is a substantial amount of legal writings documenting the legal instruments created in different sectors of the economy, efforts to systematize such instruments seem to be largely absent. At the same time the question arises whether the traditional concepts of public and private law jurisdiction are still adequate. The objective of the seminar is twofold. First, we hope to achieve an overview of the legal developments in some selected sectors or areas which display particularly interesting features: international securities and banking, internet, tax, antitrust, maritime and air transport and address the question how the law has coped with globalization. A systematic overview of these developments may enable us to provide input for the second objective, a discussion of the general doctrines of public and private law jurisdiction. To what extent have they been able to accommodate the requirements of a global economy? To what extent have they been adapted and developed for this purpose?
Panelists
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room
This conference will study a variety of aspects of parliamentary government in Europe. It will analyze the various steps in the transformation of voter preferences into public policy. It will focus on such issues as the impact of public opinion on government policy, the expression of voter preferences in referenda, the effects of electoral systems on voter behavior, and the voters' opportunities to influence government formation and stability. These issues will be studied from a rational choice perspective.
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room
Conference Theme At the beginning of 1999, eleven (since 2001: twelve) EU member states abandoned their national currencies in favor of the common currency euro, which will be available as notes and coins from 2002 onwards. The conference discusses various aspects of monetary and fiscal policies resulting from the completion of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) with special emphasis on its implications for the transatlantic economic relations and the global economy. Conference Speakers Fritz Breuss, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, breuss@fgr.wu-wien.ac.at Jakob de Haan, University of Groningen, j.de.haan@eco.rug Fabio Ghironi, Boston College, ghironi@bc.edu Gottfried Haber, University of Klagenfurt, gottfried.haber@uni-klu.ac.at Andrew Hughes Hallett, University of Strathclyde, a.hughes-hallett@strath.ac.uk Michael M. Hutchison, University of California, Santa Cruz, hutch@cats.ucsc.edu Tim Josling, Stanford University, josling@stanford.edu Markus Knell, Austrian National Bank, markus.knell@oenb.co.at Ronald McKinnon, Stanford University, mckinnon@leland.stanford.edu Reinhard Neck, University of Klagenfurt and Stanford University, rneck@stanford.edu Dominick Salvatore, Fordham University, Salvatore@fordham.edu Friedrich Schneider, University of Linz, friedrich.Schneider@jk.uni-linz.ac.at Rolf Strauch, European Central Bank, rolf.strauch@ecb.int Bas van Aarle, Catholic University of Leuven, bas.vanaarle@econ.kuleuven.ac.be
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room
Mr. Reynders is one of the leading figures in Belgium's francophone, center-right, liberal party. He is a lawyer by training and became finance minister in July 1999 at age 40. He previously held positions at the top of the national railway company and the national airline. He is chairman of the 12 country Euro group for the year 2001.
Room S180
South Building
Graduate School of Business
Stanford University