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Based on past and current ethnographic research in the Parisian metropolitan region, I discuss how racial and ethnic minorities understand and respond to their racialization in a context in which race and ethnicity are not legitimate or acknowledged, and how a suspect citizenship is created. I will discuss how racial and ethnic minorities are “citizen outsiders” as evident of France’s “racial project” (Omi and Winant 1994), which marks distinctions outside of explicit categorization. I explore not only how race marks individuals outside of formal categories, but also how people respond to these distinctions in terms of a racism-related issue, here, police violence and brutality against racial and ethnic minorities. I will also discuss how activists frame their growing social problem given the constraints of French Republican ideology.

Jean Beaman
Jean Beaman is Associate Professor of Sociology, with affiliations with Political Science, Feminist Studies, Global Studies, and the Center for Black Studies Research, at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Previously, she was faculty at Purdue University and held visiting fellowships at Duke University and the European University Institute (Florence, Italy). Her research is ethnographic in nature and focuses on race/ethnicity, racism, international migration, and state-sponsored violence in both France and the United States. She is author of Citizen Outsider: Children of North African Immigrants in France (University of California Press, 2017), as well as numerous articles and book chapters. Her current book project is on suspect citizenship and belonging, anti-racist mobilization, and activism against police violence in France. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from Northwestern University. She is also an Editor of H-Net Black Europe, an Associate Editor of the journal, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, and Corresponding Editor for the journal Metropolitics/Metropolitiques.

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Jean Beaman speaker University of California, Santa Barbara
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Please join us for a workshop with Dr. Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel, Assistant Professor of French and Francophone Studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and author of Reimagining Liberation: How Black Women Transformed Citizenship in the French Empire (University of Illinois Press, 2020). We will meet on Thursday, April 1 at 4:30PM PST. Please RSVP here to receive the Zoom link and required reading materials.

Under discussion will be a draft book chapter titled, "Jean Montague: Fugitive Accounts." Dr. Joseph-Gabriel's chapter examines the narrative of Jean Montague, an enslaved boy in Paris, in order to explore ideas about freedom and fugitivity in France in the 18th century. The correspondence by and about Montague illuminates the ways that enslaved people contested power and personhood in France as both the site of their enslavement and a land of freedom.

 

The French Culture Workshop is co-sponsored by the Stanford Humanities Center, the DLCL Research Unit, the France-Stanford Center, and the Europe Center at the Freeman Spogli Institute.

 

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Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel Speaker University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Which has more of a “single market,” the United States or the European Union, and why? Most scholars and policy-makers will expect easy answers. Surely interstate exchange faces fewer regulatory barriers in the fluid American arena than between European countries. We argue that this common wisdom profoundly mischaracterizes both polities. The US never attempted to complete a project remotely like Europe’s SMP. Europeans have now removed or mitigated a lengthening list of barriers that Americans retain. Across the “four freedoms” of goods, services, persons and capital, today’s EU unambiguously claims and actively exercises more authority to require interstate openness than the US has ever considered. Existing explanations that privilege economic flows, institutional path dependence, or cultural attitudes struggle with these actual outcomes. Our explanation highlights contingent connections that political movements in each arena forged between ideas about markets and governance, channeling the 20th-century “return to markets” into contrasting varieties of neoliberalism.

 

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Matthias Matthijs


Matthias Matthijs is Associate Professor of International Political Economy at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and Senior Fellow for Europe at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) in Washington, DC. Since May 2019, he also serves as the chair of the Executive Committee of the European Union Studies Association (EUSA). He is the author of Ideas and Economic Crises in Britain (2012) and co-editor (with Mark Blyth) of The Future of the Euro (2015). He has published numerous peer-reviewed articles in the fields of comparative and international political economy, on the politics of economic ideas, and on European integration. He is currently working on a book-length project that delves into the fall and rise of national elite consensus around European integration.

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Matthias Matthijs speaker Johns Hopkins University (SAIS)
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The Dynastic Imagination
Adrian Daub’s The Dynastic Imagination offers an unexpected account of modern German intellectual history through frameworks of family and kinship. Modernity aimed to brush off dynastic, hierarchical authority and to make society anew through the mechanisms of marriage, siblinghood, and love. It was, in other words, centered on the nuclear family. But as Daub shows, the dynastic imagination persisted, in time emerging as a critical stance by which the nuclear family’s conservatism and temporal limits could be exposed. Focusing on the complex interaction between dynasties and national identity-formation in Germany, Daub shows how a lingering preoccupation with dynastic modes of explanation, legitimation, and organization suffused German literature and culture.

Daub builds this conception of dynasty in a syncretic study of literature, sciences, and the history of ideas, engaging with remnants of dynastic ideology in the work of Richard Wagner, Émile Zola, and Stefan George, and in the work of early feminists and pioneering psychoanalysts. At every stage of cultural progression, Daub reveals how the relation of dynastic to nuclear families inflected modern intellectual history.

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Family and Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Germany
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Adrian Daub
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University of Chicago Press
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A prominent contemporary phenomenon is "backsliding'' of democratic countries into (semi-)authoritarian practices. Importantly, such episodes unfold over time, and often involve uncertainty about the ultimate intentions of governments. Building on recent, we present a model in which a government engages in a reform that may allow for subsequent actions that are inconsistent with the rule of law. Citizens must decide whether to replace the incumbent following the reform. Consistent with existing work, the model suggests that polarization is an important factor in democratic backsliding. More importantly, the model demonstrates that in a dynamic setting, citizens may support incumbent governments even if citizens are fundamentally opposed to authoritarianism. One consequence is that citizens may genuinely regret their electoral choices. We illustrate the model's implications using a survey experiment in contemporary Poland.

 

Monika Nalepa
Monika Nalepa (PhD, Columbia University) is an associate professor of political science at the University of Chicago. With a focus on post-communist Europe, her research interests include transitional justice, parties and legislatures, and game-theoretic approaches to comparative politics. Her first book, Skeletons in the Closet: Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Europe was published in the Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics Series and received the Best Book award from the Comparative Democratization section of the APSA and the Leon Epstein Outstanding Book Award from the Political Organizations and Parties section of the APSA. She has just completed her second book, Ritual Sacrifices: Transitional Justice and the Fate of Post-authoritarian Elites. She has also published articles in the Journal of Politics, Perspectives on Politics, the Journal of Comparative Politics, World Politics, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Theoretical Politics, Parliamentary Affairs, and Constitutional Political Economy. Monika Nalepa is the Director of the Transitional Justice and Democratic Stability Lab, which produces the Global Transitional Justice Dataset.

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Monika Nalepa speaker University of Chicago
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Majoring in Anthropology, Minoring in European Studies

I didn’t always know I wanted to study anthropology, and I didn’t really know what anthropology was until my first year. I entered Stanford knowing that I was generally interested in healthcare and politics, and I thought I would major in Human Biology with plans to go to medical school. In my freshman year, I took an intro to anthropology course and I fell in love with the discipline. I loved the methods of ethnography and participant-observation, the theory that social anthropology was built on, how it approached questions about society, and how an anthropological lens could be applied to issues like global health and politics. After really enjoying the fieldwork assignment in the course, I decided to major in anthropology the next quarter.

I first heard about Global Studies sometime around my sophomore year, when I was more seriously looking into different study abroad options through the Bing Overseas Studies Program. I wasn’t sure if I would end up minoring in anything, and I had actually bounced between a few different minors throughout my undergraduate degree—most seriously considering creative writing, economics, and Spanish. It was only after going to Oxford for the winter and spring quarters of my junior year that I very seriously began considering more about what I wanted to major in, and especially since I had grown very interested in Europe during my time studying abroad, I declared a minor in Global Studies with a concentration in European Studies over the summer.

Oxford and the Fraught Question of European Identity

I was never particularly interested in Europe until I studied abroad at Oxford in the winter and spring quarters of my junior year. I had expected to focus mostly on anthropology coursework, but I found myself in England at such a fascinating time politically that I started to really become interested in European politics. At the time, the former Prime Minister Theresa May was working on trying to get a Brexit deal through Parliament, and the European elections that took place while I was there in May mobilized all of my peers, including leaving through previous party allegiances behind in order to vote for pro-European parties in the European elections. At the same time as all this was happening, I was learning first-hand from Oxford students about regional divides within England, tensions between the four nations of the United Kingdom, and cultural and political divides there that only became stronger once Brexit brought out the often fraught question of European identity.

My thematic focus within the minor was European political institutions, which combined a mix of the coursework I had done while studying abroad at Oxford as well as the coursework I then did in Stanford, from Spanish classes that allowed me to study Spanish political parties to European studies classes that focused directly on the European Union as an institution.

What I loved most about the European studies program was the individual attention that it provided. I really appreciated how easy it was to set up directed readings on topics like Brexit and European party politics, how responsive staff and faculty were, and how flexible the program was so that I could get a mix of broad understanding of global and European studies, while also giving me the opportunity to focus on more specific topics. I would strongly encourage anyone considering the minor to really take advantage of the fantastic opportunities that The Europe Center provides its students—from internship opportunities to individual attention from professors. The only regret I have is that I didn’t declare a Global Studies minor in European Studies much earlier and could have taken advantage of even more of what the program had to offer!

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Josh Cobler

From the Minor to a Master's program in European Politics at Oxford

I had really enjoyed my time studying abroad at Oxford, and I knew that it was a place that I wanted to return to. Especially since Brexit negotiations and European elections gave me a taste of European politics, I wanted to continue learning about European politics both upon my return to Stanford and after graduation. Sometime in the fall of my senior year, I began very seriously considering applying to Oxford for their two-year Master’s program in European politics, especially since that would be a great way to learn more at the graduate level about many of the questions that the European Studies minor opened for me. The European project is in many ways quite novel and could have a lot of potential for building a more democratic and just world even beyond the European Union’s member states. Its developments since the European Coal and Steel Community after World War II have created a fascinating cosmopolitan European identity—especially among young people who have grown up only knowing an integrated Europe where anyone could live, travel, and work anywhere in the EU—while also opening up space for populist and nationalist backlash against the very institutions that have helped Europe recover and thrive after decades of conflict. More than anything, I wanted to investigate why this is happening and what ramifications this could have, so I decided that graduate school would be the best way to really dive deeper into this line of inquiry, combining the methods I had learned through my anthropology major with the knowledge of European politics that I learned in the European studies minor.

Now that it’s been a few months since I’ve started the program, I can’t emphasize enough how much the European Studies minor really prepared me for graduate work in European politics. I was definitely nervous to be jumping into a new discipline since I hadn’t majored in political science or international relations, especially since the vast majority of my peers in this Master’s program had. But as I’ve learned since the beginning of this academic year, I was set up by the European Studies program to succeed, and I feel like I’ve come in with similar levels of background knowledge as other students.

I don’t know exactly what I’ll be doing after finishing my Master’s degree here; it’s a two-year course, so I’ll be spending the 2021-2022 academic year working on my Master’s thesis, which is currently a comparative study of populist political identities in regions of Spain and England. I have been really enjoying research, including the year of methods training I have this year, and I have found myself incredibly motivated by the research “puzzle” I’ve been unravelling in this Master’s program, so I think a PhD could likely be in my future. I would love to have an impact on European and international policy as well, including working on democratic reforms that I hope could help European citizens feel more politically engaged, as well as more connected to each other and the world. Other than the more aspirational goals, I currently don’t have any plans to leave Europe in the near future. While I’d like to leave England sometime after graduating from Oxford, my hope is to get to spend time living and working somewhere in continental Europe, possibly in a country like Spain given how interested in Spanish politics and culture I’ve become.

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Josh Cobler
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Brill's Companion to the Reception of Athenian Democracy- From the Late Middle Ages to the Contemporary Era
Contemporary democratic theory has many mansions: theories of competi-tive, pluralistic, and deliberative democracy have generated large literatures.2Among more recent developments is “epistemic democracy,” which focuses on the quality of the decisions made by democratic groups. The core premise of theories of epistemic democracy is that the legitimacy of democracy as a sys-tem of governance ought to be predicated on the results of decision- making, and not only the procedural rules and practices. How good or bad decisions are ought to be testable against some independent criterion of value. Thus, even if a given decision is procedurally impeccable by democratic standards (e.g. it was predicated on strict standards of equality of influence among decision- makers and those affected by the decision), if the decision itself was substantively bad, the epistemic democrat will say that something has gone seriously wrong. De-cisions may be judged bad either by a deontological moral standard (e.g. the decision resulted in the violation of certain persons’ rights), or by a practical efficacy standard (e.g. the decision resulted in outcomes that were detrimental to welfare or security interests common to residents of the relevant commu-nity). If democratic decisions are to be substantively good, decision- making processes must aggregate privately- held useful knowledge as well as individual preferences or interests. In brief, a democracy may be said to be “epistemic” to the degree to which it employs collective wisdom to make good policy.

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Chapter in Brill's Companion to the Reception of Athenian Democracy: From the Late Middle Ages to the Contemporary Era
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Josiah Ober
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Bollettino Filosofico
The tacit presupposition underlying all of Heidegger’s work, both early (regarding Dasein) and late (regarding Ereignis), was his retrieval of the unsaid in Aristotelian κίνησις. As the prologue to a work-in-progress, this essay discusses how Heidegger’s approach to phenomenology laid the groundwork for his rereading of κίνησις. Heidegger argued that Aristotle (1) understood κίνησις ontologically as a form of being and (2) worked within an implicit proto-phenomenological reduction of being (οσία) to intelligibility (παρουσία). Heidegger, in turn, interpreted παρουσία in terms of λήθεια on three distinct but interrelated levels. This prologue prepares the way for a discussion of Heidegger’s readings of Physica III 1-3 and Metaphysica IX and their impact on the topics of Dasein and Ereignis.

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Thomas Sheehan
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The Oxford World History of Empire
This is the first world history of empire, reaching from the third millennium BCE to the present. By combining synthetic surveys, thematic comparative essays, and numerous chapters on specific empires, its two volumes provide unparalleled coverage of imperialism throughout history and across continents, from Asia to Europe and from Africa to the Americas. Only a few decades ago empire was believed to be a thing of the past; now it is clear that it has been and remains one of the most enduring forms of political organization and power. We cannot understand the dynamics and resilience of empire without moving decisively beyond the study of individual cases or particular periods, such as the relatively short age of European colonialism. The history of empire, as these volumes amply demonstrate, needs to be drawn on the much broader canvas of global history.

Volume I: The Imperial Experience is dedicated to synthesis and comparison. Following a comprehensive theoretical survey and bold world history synthesis, fifteen chapters analyze and explore the multifaceted experience of empire across cultures and through the ages. The broad range of perspectives includes: scale, world systems and geopolitics, military organization, political economy and elite formation, monumental display, law, mapping and registering, religion, literature, the politics of difference, resistance, energy transfers, ecology, memories, and the decline of empires. This broad set of topics is united by the central theme of power, examined under four headings: systems of power, cultures of power, disparities of power, and memory and decline. Taken together, these chapters offer a comprehensive and unique view of the imperial experience in world history.

 

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Ian Morris
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Oxford University Press
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The Oxford World History of Empire
This is the first world history of empire, reaching from the third millennium BCE to the present. By combining synthetic surveys, thematic comparative essays, and numerous chapters on specific empires, its two volumes provide unparalleled coverage of imperialism throughout history and across continents, from Asia to Europe and from Africa to the Americas. Only a few decades ago empire was believed to be a thing of the past; now it is clear that it has been and remains one of the most enduring forms of political organization and power. We cannot understand the dynamics and resilience of empire without moving decisively beyond the study of individual cases or particular periods, such as the relatively short age of European colonialism. The history of empire, as these volumes amply demonstrate, needs to be drawn on the much broader canvas of global history.

Volume I: The Imperial Experience is dedicated to synthesis and comparison. Following a comprehensive theoretical survey and bold world history synthesis, fifteen chapters analyze and explore the multifaceted experience of empire across cultures and through the ages. The broad range of perspectives includes: scale, world systems and geopolitics, military organization, political economy and elite formation, monumental display, law, mapping and registering, religion, literature, the politics of difference, resistance, energy transfers, ecology, memories, and the decline of empires. This broad set of topics is united by the central theme of power, examined under four headings: systems of power, cultures of power, disparities of power, and memory and decline. Taken together, these chapters offer a comprehensive and unique view of the imperial experience in world history.

 

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Walter Scheidel
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